Practise 18 real Federal Board questions on Cell Structure and Function from 2023 to 2026. See the answer and explanation as soon as you answer.
Cell Structure and Function is one of the 15 main chapters in our Federal Board FSC Biology question bank (11th class), and about 4% of its real questions come from it. Tayyari Karo has 18 real questions on this chapter from 2023 to 2026; 6 are multiple choice and marked instantly, and the rest are short and long questions with a model answer. By difficulty: 15 medium, 3 easy.
Work through the questions below, then open the explanation for each one. Redo the ones you missed a few days later.
These are real past-paper questions. Think of your answer first, then open the explanation.
Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?
Answer: B. Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus modifies (e.g. glycosylates), sorts and packages proteins received from the ER into vesicles for secretion or delivery elsewhere in the cell.
The control center of the cell is:
Answer: B. Nucleus
The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and controls gene expression, directing all cellular activities.
Which of the following acts as cell identity markers or name tags just like the sign board of shops?
Answer: D. Glycolipids
Glycolipids on the outer surface of the plasma membrane act as cell-identity markers, allowing cells to recognise one another.
Human liver cells are specialized for the detoxification process, because they have abundant number of:
Answer: A. Peroxisome
Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes (e.g. catalase) that detoxify harmful substances such as alcohol and hydrogen peroxide in liver cells.
What happens to a cell when it is placed in a hypotonic solution?
Answer: C. Cell gets turgid
In a hypotonic solution, water moves into the cell by endosmosis, increasing internal pressure until the cell becomes turgid.
Differentiate between smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum (any three points).
Smooth ERRough ERLacks ribosomes on its surfaceStudded with ribosomes on its outer surfaceFunctions in lipid/steroid synthesis and detoxificationFunctions in synthesis of proteins destined for secretion or membranesTubular network in shapeFlattened sac-like (cisternal) shape
Elaborate the endosymbiont theory regarding evolution of chloroplast and mitochondria.
The endosymbiont theory proposes that mitochondria and chloroplasts originated when a larger ancestral (anaerobic/host) eukaryotic cell engulfed free-living prokaryotes — an aerobic bacterium (ancestor of mitochondria) and, later, a photosynthetic cyanobacterium (ancestor of chloroplasts) — which, instead of being digested, survived and formed a mutually beneficial (symbiotic) relationship: the engulfed cell provided ATP (or food, for chloroplasts) while the host provided protection and nutrients. Over time these endosymbionts became permanent, integrated organelles. …
The full model answer is in the app.
Elaborate the role of peroxisomes in plant and animal cells. (Any three)
Peroxisomes are membrane-bound organelles containing oxidative enzymes. Roles: (1) they oxidise fatty acids (beta-oxidation) as an energy source, especially in germinating seeds (glyoxysomes convert stored fat to sugar); (2) they detoxify harmful substances (e.g. alcohol, H₂O₂) using catalase, protecting the cell from oxidative damage — important in liver and kidney cells; (3) in plants, peroxisomes participate in photorespiration, working with chloroplasts and mitochondria to metabolise glycolate.
| Session | Questions |
|---|---|
| 2026 Annual | 4 |
| 2025 1st Annual | 3 |
| 2025 2nd Annual | 4 |
| 2024 Annual | 2 |
| 2023 Annual | 5 |
18 real Federal Board (FBISE) Biology questions on Cell Structure and Function from 2023 to 2026, for 11th class. Each one shows the session it came from.
No. We could not find an official FBISE marking scheme for these papers, so the answers and explanations are written by Tayyari Karo for practice. Check anything important with your teacher or textbook.
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