Practise 23 real Federal Board questions on Evolution from 2023 to 2026. See the answer and explanation as soon as you answer.
Evolution is one of the 15 main chapters in our Federal Board FSC Biology question bank (11th and 12th class), and about 5% of its real questions come from it. Tayyari Karo has 23 real questions on this chapter from 2023 to 2026; 7 are multiple choice and marked instantly, and the rest are short and long questions with a model answer.
Work through the questions below, then open the explanation for each one. Redo the ones you missed a few days later.
These are real past-paper questions. Think of your answer first, then open the explanation.
Molecular evidence of evolution is obtained from:
Answer: A. DNA analysis
Comparing DNA/protein sequences (molecular evidence) between species reveals degrees of relatedness consistent with evolutionary descent; embryology, anatomy and fossils are other, non-molecular lines of evidence.
Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?
Answer: B. Human arm and whale flipper
The human arm and whale flipper share the same basic pentadactyl bone structure inherited from a common ancestor (homologous), despite different functions; the other pairs are analogous structures.
Which of the following is an example of homologous organs?
Answer: B. Forelimb of human & wing of a bat
The human forelimb and bat wing share the same underlying bone structure inherited from a common ancestor (homologous), despite different functions; insect wings and vertebrate structures are only analogous (similar function, different origin).
The presence of wings in bats and insects, used for flight but with different structural origins, is an example of:
Answer: B. Analogous structures
Analogous structures perform similar functions (flight) but evolved independently from different structural origins, unlike homologous structures which share a common ancestral origin.
A population of bacteria develops resistance to antibiotics over time. Which evolutionary mechanism is most likely responsible for this adaptation?
Answer: B. Natural selection
Resistant individuals (arising from random mutation) survive antibiotic exposure and reproduce more, so natural selection increases resistance frequency in the population over time.
Which of the following shows evidences for evolution through molecular biology?
Answer: C. Comparison of gene/protein of different species
Molecular evidence for evolution comes from comparing DNA and protein sequences across species — greater similarity indicates closer evolutionary relatedness.
Briefly elaborate three drawbacks of Lamarckism.
(1) It assumes 'inheritance of acquired characteristics' — changes gained during an organism's lifetime (like a stretched neck) — which modern genetics has shown cannot alter germ-cell DNA and so cannot be inherited. (2) The 'use and disuse' mechanism has no known molecular basis for altering heritable information. (3) It cannot explain traits unrelated to use/disuse, such as camouflage colouration or the origin of new variation itself.
What is the significance of molecular biology in supporting evolution?
Molecular biology supports the theory of evolution by providing direct evidence of common ancestry: comparing DNA and protein sequences (e.g. cytochrome c) across species shows that more closely related organisms share more similar sequences, matching the pattern predicted by evolutionary trees. The near-universal genetic code, shared metabolic pathways, and homologous genes across diverse organisms all indicate descent from a common ancestor, and molecular clocks (rates of mutation accumulation) allow estimation of when species diverged.
| Session | Questions |
|---|---|
| 2026 Annual | 6 |
| 2025 1st Annual | 7 |
| 2025 2nd Annual | 4 |
| 2024 Annual | 3 |
| 2023 Annual | 3 |
23 real Federal Board (FBISE) Biology questions on Evolution from 2023 to 2026, for 11th and 12th class. Each one shows the session it came from.
No. We could not find an official FBISE marking scheme for these papers, so the answers and explanations are written by Tayyari Karo for practice. Check anything important with your teacher or textbook.
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