These are real past-paper questions. Think of your answer first, then open the explanation.
May/June 2021 · Paper 1 · Apparatus
A student has to measure 28.2 cm³ of aqueous sodium bromide. Which piece of apparatus should be selected?
- A 25 cm³ pipette
- B 50 cm³ measuring cylinder
- C 100 cm³ beaker
- D burette
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. B 50 cm³ measuring cylinder
A measuring cylinder reads to 0.1 cm³ and can measure 28.2 cm³.
May/June 2021 · Paper 1 · Purification
Which property of a liquid ester can be used to check its purity before use as a food flavouring?
- boiling point
- colour
- smell
- solubility in water
Show answer and explanation
Answer: A. boiling point
A pure substance has a sharp boiling point.
May/June 2021 · Paper 1 · Methods
Which sequence separates a pure, dry sample of hydrated copper(II) sulfate from a mixture with calcium carbonate?
- dissolve in water then distillation then crystallisation
- dissolve in water then filtration then crystallisation
- distillation then crystallisation then heating
- fractional distillation then filtration then heating
Show answer and explanation
Answer: B. dissolve in water then filtration then crystallisation
Dissolve, filter off insoluble CaCO₃, crystallise CuSO₄.
May/June 2021 · Paper 2 · Noble Gases
Helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon are noble gases in Group VIII. (a) Name the noble gas with the greatest volume composition in air. (b) State one use for helium. (c) Radon is very unreactive. Use the electronic structure of radon to explain why. (d) Two isotopes of radon are 220/86Rn and 222/86Rn. (i) Give one similarity in their atomic structure. (ii) Give one difference. (e) Xenon forms a compound with 22.1% O and 17.5% F by mass. Calculate its empirical formula. (f) A 21 dm3 sample of neon is at rtp. (i) Temperature increased, pressure constant: describe and explain the volume change. (ii) Pressure increased, temperature constant: describe and explain. (iii) Calculate the mass of neon in the sample (2 s.f.).
Show model answer
(a) argon. (b) fills balloons/airships (less dense than air, non-flammable) or in breathing mixtures for divers. (c) radon has a full outer shell of electrons (octet), so it has little tendency to gain, lose or share electrons. (d)(i) same number of protons (86) / same electron arrangement. (ii) different number of neutrons (134 vs 136). (e) Xe:O:F moles = 60.4/131 : 22.1/16 : 17.5/19 = 0.461 : 1.38 : 0.921 -> divide by 0.461 = 1 : 3 : 2, so XeO3F2. (f)(i) volume increases (faster particles exert greater pressure, pushing walls out). (ii) volume decreases (particles forced closer). (iii) moles = 21/24 = 0.875; mass = 0.875 x 20 = 17.5 -> 18 g (2 s.f.).
Group VIII elements have complete outer shells; empirical formula from % mass via moles.